Shrinking

____________________________________________________________


Encoding


Handbrake 1.9.0 (2024120100)

Video.svt-av1 10 bit fast decode Preset 5 2-pass vbr 2427 kbps

Audio.5.1 eac3 768 kbps passtrough


FFmetrics - 10 min

VMAF 95.4345

____________________________________________________________


File


Video: AV01 1920x960 23.976fps [V: av1 main, yuv420p10le, 1920x960 [default]]

Audio: DD+ 48000Hz 6ch 768kbps [A: Surround [eng] (eac3 atmos, 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), 768 kb/s) [default]]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: English [eng] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: SDH [eng] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Arabic [ara] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Bulgarian [bul] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Simplified [chi] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Traditional [chi] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Czech [cze] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Danish [dan] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: German [ger] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Greek [gre] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Latin American [spa] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Spanish [spa] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Estonian [est] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Finnish [fin] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Canadian [fre] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: French [fre] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Hebrew [heb] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Hindi [hin] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Hungarian [hun] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Indonesian [ind] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Italian [ita] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Japanese [jpn] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Korean [kor] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Lithuanian [lit] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Latvian [lav] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Malay [may] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Dutch [dut] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Norwegian [nor] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Polish [pol] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Portuguese [por] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Brazilian [por] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Russian [rus] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Slovak [slo] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Slovenian [slv] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Swedish [swe] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Tamil [tam] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Telugu [tel] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Thai [tha] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Turkish [tur] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Ukrainian [ukr] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Vietnamese [vie] (ass)]

Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Traditional [chi] (ass)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]


General

Unique ID : 5356126848403888384003651695061446910 (0x4078D712F8E722CA8D0FF6246F730FE)

Complete name : Shrinking.s02e10.web.sdr.1080p.av1.5.1.eac3-Rosy.mkv

Format : Matroska

Format version : Version 4

File size : 782 MiB

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Overall bit rate : 3 196 kb/s

Frame rate : 23.976 FPS

Movie name : Shrinking.s02e10.web.sdr.1080p.av1.5.1.eac3.vmaf95-Rosy

Encoded date : 2024-12-12 13:58:10 UTC

Writing application : mkvmerge v88.0 ('All I Know') 64-bit

Writing library : libebml v1.4.5 + libmatroska v1.7.1

Cover : Yes

Attachments : cover.jpg


Video

ID : 1

Format : AV1

Format/Info : AOMedia Video 1

Format profile : [email protected]

Codec ID : V_AV1

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Bit rate : 2 414 kb/s

Width : 1 920 pixels

Height : 960 pixels

Display aspect ratio : 2.000

Frame rate mode : Constant

Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS

Color space : YUV

Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 0)

Bit depth : 10 bits

Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.055

Stream size : 590 MiB (76%)

Default : Yes

Forced : No

Color range : Limited

Color primaries : BT.709

Transfer characteristics : BT.709

Matrix coefficients : BT.709


Audio

ID : 2

Format : E-AC-3 JOC

Format/Info : Enhanced AC-3 with Joint Object Coding

Commercial name : Dolby Digital Plus with Dolby Atmos

Codec ID : A_EAC3

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Bit rate mode : Constant

Bit rate : 768 kb/s

Channel(s) : 6 channels

Channel layout : L R C LFE Ls Rs

Sampling rate : 48.0 kHz

Frame rate : 31.250 FPS (1536 SPF)

Compression mode : Lossy

Stream size : 188 MiB (24%)

Title : Surround

Language : English

Service kind : Complete Main

Default : Yes

Forced : No

Complexity index : 16

Number of dynamic objects : 15

Bed channel count : 1 channel

Bed channel configuration : LFE

Dialog Normalization : -25 dB

compr : -0.28 dB

dialnorm_Average : -25 dB

dialnorm_Minimum : -25 dB

dialnorm_Maximum : -25 dB

____________________________________________________________


Source


Shrinking S02E10 Changing Patterns 2160p ATVP WEB-DL DDP5 1 Atmos H 265-FLUX.mkv


Video: HVC1 3840x1920 23.976fps [V: English [eng] (hevc main 10 L5.0, yuv420p10le, 3840x1920) [default]]

Audio: DD+ 48000Hz 6ch 768kbps [A: English [eng] (eac3 atmos, 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), 768 kb/s) [default]]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: English [eng] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: SDH [eng] (subrip) [hearing impaired]]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Arabic [ara] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Bulgarian [bul] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Simplified [chi] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Traditional [chi] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Czech [cze] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Danish [dan] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: German [ger] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Greek [gre] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Latin American [spa] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Spanish [spa] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Estonian [est] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Finnish [fin] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Canadian [fre] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: French [fre] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Hebrew [heb] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Hindi [hin] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Hungarian [hun] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Indonesian [ind] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Italian [ita] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Japanese [jpn] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Korean [kor] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Lithuanian [lit] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Latvian [lav] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Malay [may] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Dutch [dut] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Norwegian [nor] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Polish [pol] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Portuguese [por] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Brazilian [por] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Russian [rus] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Slovak [slo] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Slovenian [slv] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Swedish [swe] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Tamil [tam] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Telugu [tel] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Thai [tha] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Turkish [tur] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Ukrainian [ukr] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Vietnamese [vie] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Traditional [chi] (subrip)]

Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]


General

Unique ID : 290549117901717738348389770294246559816 (0xDA95B9828BBCBCDE5312833186C0D048)

Complete name : Shrinking S02E10 Changing Patterns 2160p ATVP WEB-DL DDP5 1 Atmos H 265-FLUX.mkv

Format : Matroska

Format version : Version 4

File size : 5.13 GiB

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Overall bit rate : 21.5 Mb/s

Frame rate : 23.976 FPS

Writing application : mkvmerge v88.0 ('All I Know') 64-bit

Writing library : libebml v1.4.5 + libmatroska v1.7.1


Video

ID : 1

Format : HEVC

Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding

Format profile : Main 10@L5@High

Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Bit rate : 20.7 Mb/s

Width : 3 840 pixels

Height : 1 920 pixels

Display aspect ratio : 2.000

Frame rate mode : Constant

Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS

Color space : YUV

Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0

Bit depth : 10 bits

Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.117

Stream size : 4.95 GiB (96%)

Language : English

Default : Yes

Forced : No

Color range : Limited

Color primaries : BT.709

Transfer characteristics : BT.709

Matrix coefficients : BT.709


Audio

ID : 2

Format : E-AC-3 JOC

Format/Info : Enhanced AC-3 with Joint Object Coding

Commercial name : Dolby Digital Plus with Dolby Atmos

Codec ID : A_EAC3

Duration : 34 min 11 s

Bit rate mode : Constant

Bit rate : 768 kb/s

Channel(s) : 6 channels

Channel layout : L R C LFE Ls Rs

Sampling rate : 48.0 kHz

Frame rate : 31.250 FPS (1536 SPF)

Compression mode : Lossy

Stream size : 188 MiB (4%)

Language : English

Service kind : Complete Main

Default : Yes

Forced : No

Complexity index : 16

Number of dynamic objects : 15

Bed channel count : 1 channel

Bed channel configuration : LFE

Dialog Normalization : -25 dB

compr : -0.28 dB

dialnorm_Average : -25 dB

dialnorm_Minimum : -25 dB

dialnorm_Maximum : -25 dB

____________________________________________________________


Tools


Ab-av1

FFBitrateViewer

FFmpeg

FFmetrics

Freefilesync

Handbrake

Jackett

Mediainfo

Mkvtoolknix

Qbittorent

Scenerulez

Shutterencoder

VVV-virtualvolumeview

Xnconvert

Xnview mp


===================== AV1 guide v20 ========================


1) TLDR ez recipe


Handbrake

svt-av1 10 bit

Preset 5-7

crf 25

fast-decode

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2) Encoding by crf


stv-av1 10 bit crf 25 - high quality

stv-av1 10 bit crf 20 - very high quality

stv-av1 10 bit crf 15 - super high quality

stv-av1 10 bit crf 10 - max quality (from here file gets bigger than original)

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3) Encoding by crf + vmaf


Step 1 - Check VMAF with Ab-av1


1.1 AV1

Source resolution → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 98

1080p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:1080"

720p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:720"

Sample encode → sample-encode -i "c:file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --crf 20


1.2 x265

Source resolution → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 98

1080p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:1080"

720p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:720"


Step 2 - HandBrake


Summary:

- Container: MKV


Dimensions:

- Cropping: None

- Anamorphic: None

- Borders: None


Video:

- Encoder: AV1 (10-bit SVT)

- Framerate: Same as source

- Preset: 5

- Fast Decode: ✓

- Encoder Profile: Main

- Encoder Level: Auto

- Quality: CRF determined from "ab-av1"(1), or crf 15-20-25


Audio:

- DTS to Opus Conversion:

- DTS 7.1 → Opus @ 512 kbps

- DTS 5.1 → Opus @ 384 kbps

- DTS 2.0 → Opus @ 128 kbps

*When passtrough? lossy codec(opus,aac, ac3, eac3,wma) 768-128 kbps


Step 3 - Subtitles


- Original → passtrough

- Subtitle Translator

- Whisper OpenAI

- Opensubtitles

- Subtitlecat

*If size is an issue don`t use pgs, prefer ass/srt.

____________________________________________________________


4) Encoding by vbr preset 5-7


Step 1 - recommended sizes:


av1 1080p 30min high quality - 400mb

av1 1080p 60min high quality - 800mb

av1 1080p 120min+ high quality - 1600mb

av1 1080p super high quality - 4000mb - 4600mb


av1 2160p 120min+ medium quality - 4000mb - 4600mb

av1 2160p 120min+ high quality - 6000 - 8400mb

av1 2160p 120min+ super high quality - 12000 - 16000mb


Step 2 - recommended bitrate:


1080p medium quality - 1000 kbps

1080p high quality - 1500 kbps

1080p very high quality - 2000 kbps

1080p super high quality - 4000 kbps


2160p medium quality - 3000 - 4500 kbps

2160p high quality - 4500 - 6000 kbps

2160p super high quality - 12000 - 16000 kbps

____________________________________________________________


5) Observations


AV1 presets have a significant impact on both bitrate and quality. For instance, moving from preset 5 to preset 2 can boost VMAF scores by 2-4 points. This behavior differs notably from x265, where higher-quality presets typically increase file size. In AV1, file size often remains unchanged or even decreases as quality improves with lower presets.


A good example is Netflix AV1 rips, which achieve decent quality at 1080p with astonishingly low bitrates of 500-700 kbps. This is likely due to the use of extremely low presets (2, 1, or 0), which require substantial computational power but yield remarkable results.


This demonstrates that bitrate alone is not a reliable indicator of quality. Similarly, relying solely on VMAF scores or subjective visual assessment can be misleading. A balanced approach that combines multiple evaluation methods is essential, particularly when faced with unusual cases, such as low VMAF scores despite high bitrates.

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References


1. Dolby, 2023. What are Dolby Vision profiles and levels? [Online]

2. Ozer, J., 2017. Video Encoding by the Numbers: Eliminate the Guesswork from your Streaming Video. Doceo Publishing.

3. Sayood, K., 2017. Introduction to Data Compression. 5th Edition.

4. Ozer, J., 2021. What is CBR, VBR, CRF, Capped-CRF? Rate Control Modes Explained.

5. Rassool, Reza. VMAF Reproducibility: Validating a Perceptual Practical Video Quality Metric.

6. Kah, A. e al. Fundamental relationships between subjective quality, user acceptance, and the VMAF metric for a quality-based bit rate ladder design for over-the-top video streaming services.

7. Boldrin, M. 2008. Against Intellectual Monopoly.